The balance sheet is a snapshot of the businesses financial position on a specific day in time. The balance sheet is also the accounting equation: assets = liabilities + owners' equity.
The income statement or profit and loss statement is a representation of the businesses income over a period of time. In it's most simplest form, the income statement is revenues - expenses = net income. Keep in mind that the income statement is representative of revenues earned and expenses incurred. Under the accrual basis of accounting revenues are recorded when earned, not necessarily when received (revenue recognition principle); expenses are recorded when incurred, not necessarily when paid (matching principle).
I have multiple accounting videos on my website including accompanying lecture notes that you may find helpful... TheAccountingDr dot com. Also, like me on facebook dot com / TheAccountingDoctor and post any questions you may have. I would be more than happy to try and help.
Good luck!